What does a bankruptcy do?

Here is a brief overview of a bankruptcy.

There may come a point in a person's life, whether its due to health problems, spending problems, employments problems, etc., where a person owes more money than even the tightest budget will allow him to pay.  When this happens and monthly payments begin to be missed, the people and businesses who are owed the money (the creditors) start calling and sending letters.  Eventually, if the creditors are not satisfied, there are foreclosures and repossessions of vehicles and/or lawsuits getting filed which will then lead to judgments, garnishments and liens.

A bankruptcy can stop most of these bad things from happening.  A bankruptcy can immediately stop the phone calls, letters, lawsuits, garnishments, foreclosures, and repossessions.  This is called the Automatic Stay and it "stays" all collection efforts.  A Chapter 7 bankruptcy will wipe out almost all unsecured debt, like credit cards and medical bills.  Most of the time under a Chapter 7 you will be able to keep your house and vehicles if you are current or almost current on those payments and continue to make your payments to those creditors as agreed to in your contract.

A Chapter 13 allows you to create a plan to pay some or all your debt back to the creditors.  A Chapter 13 can stop your house from being foreclosed on or your car from being repossessed by allowing you to pay back your arrearage over time.  It will also protect a house or vehicle in which you may have too much equity under the State of Alabama's exemption laws.  Alabama's exemptions are very low, so this comes in handy frequently.  The amount you pay back is based on your income and expenses and the amount of debt you need or want to pay back over the length of the plan.  Most plans last for five (5) years which is the maximum length of the plan.

So, the bottom line is a bankruptcy can stop collections of debt by creditors, wipe out all or part of your debt, and/or create a plan to pay back some or all of your debt while normally letting you keep the real and personal property you want to keep.

It is not all rosy though.  There are issues that can make filing bankruptcy very tough.  Bankruptcy also has long term effects on your credit.  I will deal with these issues in later posts.